Economic Impacts: Agriculture

Agriculture Needs Immigrant Workers

Quick Facts about Immigrant Workers in Agriculture

Agriculture Relies on Immigrant Labor

About 68% of farmworkers were born outside the US, with most being from Mexico. ¹

44% of farmworkers are undocumented, though this number may be higher due to fear over reporting immigration status. ¹

Farmworkers Have Built Families

85% have been in the US since before 2012, with 70% first entering over 15 years ago.

57% of farmworkers are married and half have children.

Immigrant Farmworkers Are Experienced

62% reported 11 or more years of experience on US farms.

The average farmworker has 17 years of farming experience.

Overworked and Underpaid

Farmworkers averaged 46 hours of work per week for 39 weeks in 2019.

Average hourly wages were $13.59, with the average farmworker family income falling between $25,000 and $29,999.

This puts 20% of worker families below the federal poverty line, though this number may be higher as dependents outside the US were not considered.

Farmworkers are Afraid to use Benefits Programs

Only 13% of workers households utilized SNAP (a federal food assistance program) at any point in 2017-2020.

Just 9% of households utilized WIC (a nutrition program for Women, Infants, and Children).

Farmworkers have historically been wary of applying for programs, even if they qualify. This is especially common in undocumented families.

Workers Lack Health Insurance

Just 48% of farmworkers said that they had health insurance.

26% of insured workers having employer provided insurance and 39% receiving insurance through programs like Medicaid.

88% of farmworkers children had insurance coverage, with Medicaid or government programs accounting for 84% of those covered.

Data is from NAWS, which doesn’t include poultry, livestock, and fishery workers. NAWS also does not survey workers on a H-2A work visa.

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